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The Full Picture
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Effectiveness of Birth
Control Methods in
Preventing Pregnancy and STDs/HIV Infection
% of Unplanned
Pregnancies, Ranked by % of Users |
Method |
% of Users1 |
Perfect Use1 |
Lowest–
Highest
15-44 Yrs2 |
Lowest –
Highest
15-19 Yrs2 |
STD/HIV Infection
Prevention3 |
Abstinence |
Increasing |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
100% |
Sterilization |
38.6 |
|
|
|
None |
Female |
27.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
Male |
10.9 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
Combined Pill |
26.9 |
0.1 |
3.8 - 8.7 |
8.0 - 18.1 |
May increase risk |
Male condom |
20.4 |
3.0 |
9.8 - 18.5 |
11.4 - 19.3 |
50% |
Withdrawal |
3.0 |
4.0 |
14.7 - 27.8 |
17.1 - 29.0 |
None |
Depo-Provera |
3.0 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
May increase risk |
Natural Family Planning (NFP)* |
2.3 |
2.04 |
2.0 - 8.94 |
|
None |
Diaphragm |
1.9 |
6.0 |
12.0 - 38.9 |
10.6 - 35.5 |
None |
Other |
1.8 |
|
|
|
|
Norplant |
1.3 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
N/A |
None |
Intrauterine Device (IUD) |
0.8 |
0.8 |
2.5 - 4.5 |
2.2 - 6.3 |
May increase risk |
TOTAL |
100 |
|
|
|
|
*NFP is not Calendar Rhythm which assumes
each cycle is the same. Rates refer to the Sympto-Thermal
Method (STM) of NFP that is taught by the Archdiocese of Washington
(301-853-4564).
Footnotes
- The Alan Guttmacher Institute (2000). http://www.agi-usa.org
Prevention and Contraception, Facts in Brief: Contraception
Use
- Harlap, S., Kost, K., & Forrest, J. D. (1991). Preventing
pregnancy, protecting health: A new look at birth control
choices in the United States. Alan Guttmacher Institute:
New York.
- O’Connell, M. L. (1996). The effects of birth control
methods on STD/HIV risk. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic,
and Neonatal Nursing, 25, 476-480.
- Klaus, H. (1982). N.F.P.: A Review. OB/GYN Survey,
37, 128-150.
Mary Lee O’Connell, CRNP - 8/04 ©
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